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Title

Urinary System: Anatomy, Physiology, and Common Disorders (1.5 credit hours)

Abstract

The urinary system is vital not only for ridding the body of metabolic byproducts and foreign substances, but assumes a major role in regulating cardiovascular function. It can be compromised by numerous pathological conditions and is the intentional or unintentional target for the action of many drugs. An understanding of its structure and basic function is essential if one is to understand pathological and pharmacological impacts on renal function. This course will address anatomy and physiology of the urinary system and common disorders of the urinary system, with emphasis on diseases of the kidneys.Course approval expires January 1, 2010 Category A Credit.

This activity may be available in multiple formats or from different sponsors. The ARRT does not allow CE activities such as internet courses, home study programs or directed readings to be repeated for CE credit in the same or any subsequent biennium.

Author

Dan Becker, DDS

Dr. Becker received his bachelor of science in zoology from Ohio University in 1968 and his doctor of dental surgery from Ohio State University in 1972. Although Dr. Becker is a dentist, his interest always centered on academia and he began teaching biology at Sinclair Community College (Dayton, OH) as a part-time instructor in the autumn of 1972. He accepted a full-time faculty position in the Dental Hygiene department in 1976, but continued his teaching within the Biology department as well.

Dr. Becker's interest in pharmacology and anesthesia attracted him to Miami Valley Hospital where he became involved with their dental residency instructing dental residents and learning from mentors during rotations within departments of anesthesia and emergency medicine. During this time, he developed and taught courses in pharmacology and pathophysiology for nursing and other allied health programs until his teaching at Sinclair became entirely devoted to these subject areas. Currently he is a full professor at Sinclair Community College and Associate Director of Education at Miami Valley Hospital. He has published in numerous scientific journals and textbooks, and lectures extensively throughout the United States and Canada.

Objectives

After completing the module, the learner should be able to:

Name the major structures of the urinary tract and describe the neural control of micturition.
Trace the journey of a red blood cell from the renal artery to the renal vein naming each of the arterioles and capillaries through which it travels along a nephron.
Trace a drop of filtrate (urine) from Bowman’s capsule until it reaches a ureter naming each tubular segment of the nephron and ductal system of the renal medulla.
Define four mechanisms of membrane transport.
Describe the structure of the glomerular membrane and the two mechanisms of autoregulation by which the kidney sustains glomerular blood flow.
Distinguish tubular reabsorption from secretion and the portion of the nephron where most of this transport occurs.
Name and explain the influence of the principal hormones and autacoids that regulate renal function.
Describe the renin-angiotensin system and the principal functions of angiotensin II.
Offer examples of urinary tract obstructions and explain their consequences including typical signs and symptoms.
Discuss the etiology, pathogenesis and manifestations of :
- obstructive disorders
- urinary tract infections
- glomerulopathies
- tubulointerstitital disease
- renal failure
Distinguish hemodialysis from peritoneal dialysis including advantages and disadvantages for each.
Describe various congenital abnormalities and anomalies.

Resources

Andreoli TE, Carpenter CCJ, et al. Cecil Essentials of Medicine. 5th edition. Philadelphia, Pa: W.B. Saunders; 2001.

Goldman L, Ausiello D. Editors. Cecil Textbook of Medicine. 22nd edition. Philadelphia: Saunders (an imprint of Elsevier), 2004.

Guyton AC, Hall JE. Textbook of Medical Physiology. 11th edition. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier, 2006.

iMD. Available at: http://www.images.md/default.asp. Accessed November 21, 2007.

Reikes ST, Martin KJ. Renal failure. In: Noble J, Greene HL, et al. Textbook of Primary Care Medicine. 3rd edition. Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby; 2001.

Rhoades RA, Tanner GA. Medical Physiology. 2nd edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2003.

Schmitz PG. Glomerular and tubulointerstitial disease. In: Noble J, Greene HL, et al. Textbook of Primary Care Medicine. 3rd edition. Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby; 2001.

Tanner GA. Kidney function. In: Rhoades RA, Tanner GA, eds. Medical Physiology. 2nd edition. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2003.

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