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Title

Pharmacology, Part 1: General Principles and Autonomic Drugs (0.5 credit hours)

Abstract

This course was formally titled "Pharmacology for Radiologic Technologists, Part 1: General Principles." If you have already completed the course under its former title, you are not eligible to enroll in this course.

The author provides a brief overview of naming conventions for therapeutic drugs, followed by an explanation of the four pharmokinetic processes (absorption, metabolism, distribution and drug clearance). This is followed by an explanation of drug actions and effects that comprise the pharmacodynamics of drug therapy. Finally, the course examines common drugs that act on the autonomic nervous system which provides a foundation for many actions and effects produced by other drug classes presented in the remaining courses of this series of topics on pharmacology. Course Approval Expiration/End Date: July 1, 2011 Category A Credits

This activity may be available in multiple formats or from different sponsors. The ARRT does not allow CE activities such as internet courses, home study programs or directed readings to be repeated for CE credit in the same or any subsequent biennium.

Author

Dan Becker, DDS

Dr. Becker received his bachelor of science in zoology from Ohio University in 1968 and his doctor of dental surgery from Ohio State University in 1972. Although Dr. Becker is a dentist, his interest always centered on academia and he began teaching biology at Sinclair Community College (Dayton, OH) as a part-time instructor in the autumn of 1972. He accepted a full-time faculty position in the Dental Hygiene department in 1976, but continued his teaching within the Biology department as well.

Dr. Becker's interest in pharmacology and anesthesia attracted him to Miami Valley Hospital where he became involved with their dental residency instructing dental residents and learning from mentors during rotations within departments of anesthesia and emergency medicine. During this time, he developed and taught courses in pharmacology and pathophysiology for nursing and other allied health programs until his teaching at Sinclair became entirely devoted to these subject areas. Currently he is a full professor at Sinclair Community College and Associate Director of Education at Miami Valley Hospital. He has published in numerous scientific journals and textbooks, and lectures extensively throughout the United States and Canada.

Objectives

After completion of this module the learner should be able to:

Distinguish chemical, generic and brand names for drugs and describe methods by which drugs are classified.
Define bioavailability and explain the four pharmacokinetic processes.
Distinguish potency and efficacy using a dose response curve for illustration.
Explain the most common mechanisms of action by which drugs produce their effects.
Explain the autonomic control of GI and GU motility, oropharyngeal and GI secretions, bronchial diameter, vessel tone and cardiac function.
Explain the mechanism of action, effects and clinical indications for bethanechol and atropine.
Explain the mechanism of action, effects and indications for epinephrine and propranolol.

Resources

Bibliography
American Academy of Pediatrics: Committee on Drugs. Transfer of drugs and other chemicals into human milk. Pediatrics 1994;93(1):137-150.

Briggs GG, Freeman RK, Yaffe SJ. Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation. 5th Ed., Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1998.

Lawson NW, Johnson JO. Autonomic Nervous System: Physiology and Pharmacology. In: Barash PG, Cullen BF, Stoelting RK, Eds. Clinical Anesthesia. 5th ed., Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Co; 2006.

Oates JA. The science of drug therapy. In: Brunton LL, Lazo JS, Parker KL, eds. Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 11th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2006.

Olin BR, Hebel SK, Dombek CE, editors. Drug Facts and Comparisons. 2006 edition. St Louis: Facts and Comparisons, Inc; 2006.

Webliography
Chemical and Drug Names
Federal Trade Commission. Generic Drugs: Saving Money at the Pharmacy. Available at: http://www.ftc.gov/bcp/conline/pubs/health/generic.htm. May 1998. Accessed Feb 28, 2007.

U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. Office of Generic Drugs Home Page. Feb 23, 2007. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/cder/ogd/. Accessed Feb 28, 2007.

ThinkQuest. Chem101. Unit 1: Section 4: Naming Compounds. Available at: http://library.thinkquest.org/3310/nographics/textbook/u01s04.html. Accessed Feb 28, 2007.

International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. Glossary of Class Names of Organic Compunds and Reactive Intermediates Based on Structure. 1994. Available at: http://www.chem.qmw.ac.uk/iupac/class/. Accessed Feb 28, 2007.

Drugs
U.S. Food and Drug Administration. FDA Homepage. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/. Accessed Feb 28, 2007.

Anatomy, Physiology, Chemistry
Bartelby.com. Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body. 2005. Available at: http://www.bartleby.com/107/. Accessed feb 28, 2007.

Tissue BM, Chemistry Hypermedia Project. CHP - General Chemistry Cross-Index. 1995 - 2000. Available at: http://www.chemistry.vt.edu/chem-ed/genchem.html. Accessed Feb 28, 2007.

Pharmacokinetics
ThinkQuest. Cellupedia. Cell Membrane. Available at: http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/cell_membranes.html. Accessed Feb 28, 2007.

Franklin Institute. Resources for Science Learning. Lifeblood. Available at: http://sln.fi.edu/biosci/blood/blood.html. Accessed Feb 28, 2007.