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Title

Iodinated Contrast Media, Part 1: Pharmacology (1 credit hours)

Abstract

This module describes routes by which contrast media are administered; explains the relationship between media density, photon absorption, and image results; and discusses the influence of positive and negative contrast media on radiographic and fluoroscopic images. The use of iodine and the molecular construction of tri-iodinated benzene salts are explained. The concept of osmolality is discussed. Finally, the module distinguishes between the four classes of contrast media and briefly mentions the incidence of adverse reactions in nonionic media. Course Approval Expiration/End Date: July 1, 2008 Category A Credit

This activity may be available in multiple formats or from different sponsors. The ARRT does not allow CE activities such as internet courses, home study programs or directed readings to be repeated for CE credit in the same or any subsequent biennium.

Important Note: This module will be renewed the week of July 1. Until then, new registrations, and credit for this module for current registrants, is CLOSED.

Author

Dan Becker, DDS

Dr. Becker received his bachelor of science in zoology from Ohio University in 1968 and his doctor of dental surgery from Ohio State University in 1972. Although Dr. Becker is a dentist, his interest always centered on academia and he began teaching biology at Sinclair Community College (Dayton, OH) as a part-time instructor in the autumn of 1972. He accepted a full-time faculty position in the Dental Hygiene department in 1976, but continued his teaching within the Biology department as well.

Dr. Becker's interest in pharmacology and anesthesia attracted him to Miami Valley Hospital where he became involved with their dental residency instructing dental residents and learning from mentors during rotations within departments of anesthesia and emergency medicine. During this time, he developed and taught courses in pharmacology and pathophysiology for nursing and other allied health programs until his teaching at Sinclair became entirely devoted to these subject areas. Currently he is a full professor at Sinclair Community College and Associate Director of Education at Miami Valley Hospital. He has published in numerous scientific journals and textbooks, and lectures extensively throughout the United States and Canada.

Objectives

After studying the information presented, the reader should be able to:

Explain how photon absorption determines the image of a radiograph and offer 4 factors that influence the degree of photon absorption.
Describe the routes by which contrast media are administered and distinguish the influence of positive and negative contrast media on radiographic and fluoroscopic images.
Explain why iodine is used in contrast media and describe the molecular construction of tri-iodinated benzene salts.
Name and define the four major properties of contrast media, and explain why warming contrast media makes it easier to inject.
Explain the concept of osmolality and how it is calculated.
Explain the classification of iodinated contrast media in terms their primary characteristics and how these are used to compute their iodine:particle ratio.

Resources

Bibliography
Guyton AC, Hall JE. Textbook of Medical Physiology, 11th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: WB Saunders; 1996.

Katzberg RW. The contrast media manual. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1992.

Olin BR, Hebel SK, Dombek CE, eds. Drug Facts and Comparisons. 2006 ed. St Louis, Mo: Facts and Comparisons; 2004.

Webliography
General Info
Oldnall N. xray2000 Nicks website. Contrast Media and Drugs used in the Department: A Simple Guide to the basics. March 27, 2007. Available at: http://www.xray2000.co.uk/. Accessed April 4, 2007.

Radiology InfoNet, Inc. RADIOLOGYinfonet Homepage. 2006. Available at: http://www.radinfonet.com/. Accessed April 4, 2007.

Properties of Contrast Media
Kimball JW. The Kidneys. May 5, 2005. Available at http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/K/Kidney.html. Accessed April 4, 2007.

Osmosis

Colorado State University Hypertexts for Biological Sciences. Osmosis. July 2, 2000. Available at: http://arbl.cvmbs.colostate.edu/hbooks/cmb/cells/pmemb/osmosis.html. Accessed April 4, 2007.

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